> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.x.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Integration Guide

> This guide covers the key concepts you need to integrate the manage Direct Messages endpoints into. Reference for the X API v2 standard tier covering manage.

export const Button = ({href, children}) => {
  return <div className="not-prose group">
    <a href={href}>
      <button className="flex items-center space-x-2.5 py-1 px-4 bg-primary-dark dark:bg-white text-white dark:text-gray-950 rounded-full group-hover:opacity-[0.9] font-medium">
        <span>
          {children}
        </span>
        <svg width="3" height="24" viewBox="0 -9 3 24" class="h-6 rotate-0 overflow-visible"><path d="M0 0L3 3L0 6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg>
      </button>
    </a>
  </div>;
};

This guide covers the key concepts you need to integrate the manage Direct Messages endpoints into your application.

***

## Authentication

DM endpoints require user authentication:

| Method                                                                                                                         | Description    |
| :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------- |
| [OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code with PKCE](/resources/fundamentals/authentication#oauth-2-0-authorization-code-flow-with-pkce-2) | Recommended    |
| [OAuth 1.0a User Context](/resources/fundamentals/authentication)                                                              | Legacy support |

<Warning>
  App-Only authentication is not supported. All Direct Messages are private.
</Warning>

### Required scopes (OAuth 2.0)

| Scope        | Required for                  |
| :----------- | :---------------------------- |
| `dm.write`   | Sending and deleting messages |
| `dm.read`    | Required with dm.write        |
| `tweet.read` | Required with dm scopes       |
| `users.read` | Required with dm scopes       |

***

## Endpoints overview

| Method | Endpoint                                            | Description                 |
| :----- | :-------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------- |
| POST   | `/2/dm_conversations/with/:participant_id/messages` | Send one-to-one message     |
| POST   | `/2/dm_conversations`                               | Create group conversation   |
| POST   | `/2/dm_conversations/:dm_conversation_id/messages`  | Add message to conversation |
| DELETE | `/2/dm_events/:event_id`                            | Delete a message            |

***

## Sending messages

### One-to-one message

Send a message to a specific user. Creates a new conversation if one doesn't exist:

<CodeGroup dropdown>
  ```bash cURL theme={null}
  curl -X POST "https://api.x.com/2/dm_conversations/with/9876543210/messages" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $USER_ACCESS_TOKEN" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{"text": "Hello!"}'
  ```

  ```python Python SDK theme={null}
  from xdk import Client

  client = Client(bearer_token="YOUR_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN")

  # Send a one-to-one DM
  response = client.dm_conversations.create_message(
      participant_id="9876543210",
      text="Hello!"
  )
  print(response.data)
  ```

  ```javascript JavaScript SDK theme={null}
  import { Client } from "@xdevplatform/xdk";

  const client = new Client({ accessToken: "YOUR_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN" });

  // Send a one-to-one DM
  const response = await client.dmConversations.createMessage({
    participantId: "9876543210",
    text: "Hello!",
  });
  console.log(response.data);
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Group conversation

Create a new group and send the first message:

<CodeGroup dropdown>
  ```bash cURL theme={null}
  curl -X POST "https://api.x.com/2/dm_conversations" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $USER_ACCESS_TOKEN" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{
      "conversation_type": "Group",
      "participant_ids": ["944480690", "906948460078698496"],
      "message": {"text": "Welcome to our group!"}
    }'
  ```

  ```python Python SDK theme={null}
  from xdk import Client

  client = Client(bearer_token="YOUR_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN")

  # Create a group conversation
  response = client.dm_conversations.create(
      conversation_type="Group",
      participant_ids=["944480690", "906948460078698496"],
      message={"text": "Welcome to our group!"}
  )
  print(response.data)
  ```

  ```javascript JavaScript SDK theme={null}
  import { Client } from "@xdevplatform/xdk";

  const client = new Client({ accessToken: "YOUR_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN" });

  // Create a group conversation
  const response = await client.dmConversations.create({
    conversationType: "Group",
    participantIds: ["944480690", "906948460078698496"],
    message: { text: "Welcome to our group!" },
  });
  console.log(response.data);
  ```
</CodeGroup>

<Note>
  The `conversation_type` field must be set to `"Group"` (case sensitive).
</Note>

### Add to existing conversation

Send a message to any conversation you're part of:

<CodeGroup dropdown>
  ```bash cURL theme={null}
  curl -X POST "https://api.x.com/2/dm_conversations/1582103724607971328/messages" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer $USER_ACCESS_TOKEN" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{"text": "Another message"}'
  ```

  ```python Python SDK theme={null}
  from xdk import Client

  client = Client(bearer_token="YOUR_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN")

  # Add message to existing conversation
  response = client.dm_conversations.add_message(
      dm_conversation_id="1582103724607971328",
      text="Another message"
  )
  print(response.data)
  ```

  ```javascript JavaScript SDK theme={null}
  import { Client } from "@xdevplatform/xdk";

  const client = new Client({ accessToken: "YOUR_USER_ACCESS_TOKEN" });

  // Add message to existing conversation
  const response = await client.dmConversations.addMessage({
    dmConversationId: "1582103724607971328",
    text: "Another message",
  });
  console.log(response.data);
  ```
</CodeGroup>

***

## Media attachments

Attach one piece of media (photo, video, or GIF) per message.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Upload media">
    Use the [Media Upload endpoint](/x-api/media/quickstart/media-upload-chunked) to upload your file and get a `media_id`.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Include in message">
    ```json theme={null}
    {
      "text": "Check out this image!",
      "attachments": [{"media_id": "1583157113245011970"}]
    }
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

<Note>
  * The authenticated user must have uploaded the media
  * Media is available for 24 hours after upload
  * Only one attachment per message is supported
</Note>

***

## Sharing posts

Include a Post in your message by adding the Post URL to the text:

```json theme={null}
{
  "text": "Have you seen this? https://x.com/XDevelopers/status/1580559079470145536"
}
```

The response will include a `referenced_tweets` field with the Post ID.

***

## Message requirements

| Field         | Required | Notes                      |
| :------------ | :------- | :------------------------- |
| `text`        | Yes\*    | Required if no attachments |
| `attachments` | Yes\*    | Required if no text        |

\*At least one of `text` or `attachments` must be provided.

***

## ID compatibility with v1.1

Conversation and event IDs are shared between v1.1 and v2 endpoints. This enables hybrid workflows:

* Create messages with v2
* Delete messages with v1.1 (not yet available in v2)
* Reference conversation IDs from x.com URLs

***

## Error handling

| Status | Error             | Solution                          |
| :----- | :---------------- | :-------------------------------- |
| 400    | Invalid request   | Check request body format         |
| 401    | Unauthorized      | Verify access token               |
| 403    | Forbidden         | Check scopes and user permissions |
| 429    | Too Many Requests | Wait and retry                    |

### Common issues

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Cannot send to user">
    The recipient may have DM settings that prevent messages from unknown users, or may have blocked you.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Media attachment failed">
    Ensure the media was uploaded by the same authenticated user and is less than 24 hours old.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Group creation failed">
    Verify all participant IDs are valid and the users allow group DM invites.
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

***

## Next steps

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Quickstart" icon="rocket" href="/x-api/direct-messages/manage/quickstart">
    Send your first Direct Message
  </Card>

  <Card title="DM lookup" icon="inbox" href="/x-api/direct-messages/lookup/introduction">
    Retrieve DM conversations
  </Card>

  <Card title="Media upload" icon="image" href="/x-api/media/quickstart/media-upload-chunked">
    Upload media for attachments
  </Card>

  <Card title="API Reference" icon="code" href="/x-api/direct-messages/create-dm-message-by-participant-id">
    Full endpoint documentation
  </Card>
</CardGroup>